Phase shifted time slice transmission to improve handover

ABSTRACT

The present invention provides methods and apparatus for a wireless system broadcasting a plurality of data packets to at least one wireless terminal. The wireless system comprises a plurality of base stations that interfaces to a backbone network in order to receive the plurality of data packets from a service source. Data packets are sent to a wireless terminal by a first base station transmitting a first channel burst and by a second base station transmitting a second channel burst, in which corresponding time offsets of the channel bursts, as characterized by amounts phase shifts, are different. Consequently, when the wireless terminal executes a handover from the first base station to the second base station, a probability that some of the data packets are lost, as result of practical network considerations, is reduced.

RELATED APPLICATION

This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No.10/237,404, filed Sep. 9, 2002, for which priority is claimed and whichis incorporated herein by reference.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

This invention relates to burst transmission of audio data, video data,control data, or other information and, in particular, to apparatus andmethod for providing interrupt-free handover in a wireless terminal.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Video streaming, data streaming, and broadband digital broadcastprogramming are increasing in popularity in wireless networkapplications, e.g. Internet protocol (IP) multicast services. To supportthese wireless applications, wireless broadcast systems transmit datacontent that support data services to many wireless terminalssimultaneously. A wireless broadcast system typically comprises aplurality of base stations, in which data content is distributed by aservice source through a backbone network. Wireless broadcast systemsare typically unidirectional networks, in which there may not be anuplink channel (i.e. wireless terminal to serving base station)available. Thus, a wireless terminal may not be able to request lostdata packets that are associated with a data service from the wirelessbroadcast system. When the wireless broadcast system has more than onebase station serving different transmitting coverage areas (also knownas cells), the base stations should transmit data services so that awireless terminal is able to receive associated data packets in aseamless fashion as the wireless terminal moves from a coverage area ofone base station to another coverage area of another base station.Seamlessness entails that the wireless terminal receive all data packetsas the wireless terminal performs a handover from one base station toanother. However, data packets, as distributed by a backbone network,may not arrive to all the base stations of a wireless broadcast systemat the same time and in the same order, resulting from variable timedelays within the backbone network. Typically, a base station, as withmulticast broadcast services using a user datagram protocol (UDP), doesnot order data packet numbering. Moreover, a radio path between aserving base station and a wireless terminal may experience signalfading, resulting in imperfect reception at the wireless terminal.Consequently, as a wireless terminal moves among cells, informationsignals may be lost or corrupted, especially when a handover occurs.

What is needed is a system and method for providing an interrupt-freeinformation and data flow to a wireless terminal receiving data andinformation from multiple wireless base stations.

BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

An aspect of the present invention provides methods and apparatus for awireless system broadcasting a plurality of data packets to at least onewireless terminal. The wireless system comprises a plurality of basestations that interfaces to a backbone network in order to receive theplurality of data packets from a service source. The plurality ofpackets comprises a group of data packets that is associated with a dataservice. Data packets are sent to a wireless terminal by a first basestation transmitting a first channel burst and by a second base stationtransmitting a second channel burst, in which corresponding time offsetsof the channel bursts, as characterized by different amounts of phaseshifts. Consequently, when the wireless terminal executes a handoverfrom the first base station to the second base station, a probabilitythat some of the data packets are lost, as result of practical networkconsiderations, is reduced. Each base station is associated with anamount of phase shift that is dependent upon a configuration of thewireless system.

In an embodiment of the invention, a wireless terminal receivesfrequency and phase shift parameter information about neighboring cellsin a channel burst from the first base station. The wireless terminalmonitors radio channels from corresponding base stations of theneighboring cells and determines if a handover is required. If so, thewireless terminal performs the handover and receives channel bursts froma second base station in accordance with an amount of phase shift thatis associated with the second base station.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

A more complete understanding of the present invention and theadvantages thereof may be acquired by referring to the followingdescription in consideration of the accompanying drawings, in which likereference numbers indicate like features and wherein:

FIG. 1 shows a multicast backboned broadcast network that interconnectsa service source to base stations in order to deliver data services inaccordance with an embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 2 shows transmission of Internet Protocol (IP) services utilizingtime slice transmission in accordance with an embodiment of theinvention;

FIG. 3 shows a wireless system with two transmission center frequencyvalues in accordance with an embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 4 shows a wireless system with three transmission center frequencyvalues in accordance with an embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 5 shows a wireless system that utilizes time slice transmission inan ideal scenario in accordance with an embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 6 shows a wireless system that utilizes time slice transmission inwhich an associated backbone network is characterized by a time delay inaccordance with an embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 7 shows a wireless system that utilizes time slice transmission inwhich an associated backbone network is characterized by data packetreordering;

FIG. 8 shows a timing diagram showing channel bursts from a plurality ofbase stations in accordance with an embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 9 shows a timing diagram showing channel bursts from a base stationfor a plurality of data services in accordance with an embodiment of theinvention;

FIG. 10 shows a wireless system that utilizes phase shifted time slicetransmission in which an associated backbone network is characterizedwithout a time delay or without data packet reordering in accordancewith an embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 11 shows a wireless system that utilizes phase shifted time slicetransmission in which an associated backbone network is characterized bya time delay in accordance with an embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 12 shows a wireless system that utilizes phase shifted time slicetransmission in which an associated backbone network is characterized bydata packet reordering in accordance with an embodiment of theinvention;

FIG. 13 shows apparatus for a base station that supports phase shiftedtime slice transmission according to an embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 14 shows apparatus for a wireless terminal that supports phaseshifted time slice transmission according to an embodiment of theinvention;

FIG. 15 shows a flow diagram for a wireless terminal for determining ifa handover is required in accordance with an embodiment of theinvention; and

FIG. 16 shows a continuation of the flow diagram in FIG. 15.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

In the following description of the various embodiments, reference ismade to the accompanying drawings which form a part hereof, and in whichis shown by way of illustration various embodiments in which theinvention may be practiced. It is to be understood that otherembodiments may be utilized and structural and functional modificationsmay be made without departing from the scope of the present invention.

FIG. 1 shows a multicast backboned broadcast network 107 thatinterconnects a service source 101 to base stations 103 and 105 todeliver data services to a wireless terminal 115 in accordance with anembodiment of the invention. Data packets, corresponding to a dataservice, are transmitted by base stations 103 and 105 to wirelessterminal 115 through antennas 110 and 112 over radio channels 111 and113, respectively. Even though wireless terminal 115 is processing onlyone of the radio channels (either channel 111 or 113), both basestations 103 and 105 broadcast the same data packets in whichtransmission may be offset relative to each other as will be discussedin the context of FIGS. 8-12.

FIG. 2 shows transmission of Internet Protocol (IP) services utilizingtime slice transmission in accordance with an embodiment of theinvention. A base station (e.g. base station 103) broadcasts datapackets for a plurality of IP services using data streams 201, 203, 205,and 207. (Each data stream is allocated a portion of a data ratecapacity.) In the embodiment, base station 103 may support functionalitythat is typically assumed by a base transceiver station (BTS), a basestation controller (BSC), a combination of a BTS and a BSC, and a nodeB, which is a third Generation (3G) designation of a base transceiverstation. Data transmission is essentially continuous such that datapackets for an IP service are continuously being conveyed through a datastream.

In order to mitigate the loss of data packets, data streams 201, 203,205, and 207 are mapped by base stations 103 and 105 into channel bursts209, 211, 213, and 215, respectively, in which channel bursts aretransmitted over radio channels 111 and 113 rather than data streams201, 203, 205, and 207. Each data stream (201, 203, 205, and 207), andconsequently each channel burst (209, 211, 213, and 215), supports atleast one data service. Thus, each channel burst may support a pluralityof data services (e.g. a group of related data services).

Data rates associated with channel bursts 209, 211, 213, and 215 aretypically greater than data rates that are associated with data streams201, 203, 205, and 207 so that a corresponding number of data packetscan be sent in a shorter amount of time. In the embodiment, data streams201, 203, 205, and 207 correspond to continuous data rates ofapproximately 100 Kbit/sec. Channel bursts 209, 211, 213, and 215correspond to approximately 4 Mbit/sec with an approximate one secondduration. However, other embodiments may use different data rates fordata streams 201-207 and for channel bursts 209-215.

Wireless terminal 115 may be required to transfer to another basestation (e.g. base station 105) while data packets are beingtransmitted. Because a certain amount of time is required for wirelessterminal 115 to complete the handover process (e.g. tuning to a newcenter frequency), wireless terminal 115 may miss some of the datapackets if channel bursts 209, 211, 213, and 215 were transmitted towireless terminal 115 during the handover, causing a gap in reception.Depending upon the type of data service, a user of wireless terminal 115may perceive the loss of data packets.

In the embodiment, the entire data rate capacity is allocated to achannel burst at a given time. As shown in FIG. 2, channel bursts 209,211, 213 and 213 are interleaved in time. An idle time duration (duringwhich data packets are not transmitted for the data service) occursbetween consecutive transmissions of a channel burst (e.g. channel burst209). A wireless broadcast system can utilize the idle time durationduring which wireless terminal 115 can be instructed to transfer toanother base station to complete a handover. The other base station(e.g. base station 105) may transmit the same data as the base station(e.g. base station 101) previously serving wireless terminal 115 using adifferent center frequency and a different amount of phase shift.

Channel bursts are typically transmitted periodically by a base station.For example, a subsequent channel burst may occur T seconds afterchannel burst 209, in which a channel burst is transmitted every Tseconds. Wireless terminal 115 may maintain precise timing, as with theGlobal Positioning System (GPS), to determine an absolute time at whicheach channel burst occurs. In another embodiment, wireless terminal 115is provided information about a time period in each channel burst,informing wireless terminal 115 about the subsequent channel burst. Thetime period may be included in an IP packet, a multiprotocolencapsulated frame, any other packet frame, and a third generation (3G)or General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) channel or modulation data, suchas transmitter parameter signaling. Alternatively, wireless terminal 115may detect an occurrence of a channel burst by receiving a signalpreamble, which may be a data sequence that is known a priori towireless terminal 115. In another embodiment, wireless terminal 115 mayreceive an overhead message on an overhead channel from a base station.The overhead message may contain timing information regarding theoccurrence of channel bursts. The overhead channel may be logically orphysically distinct from the downlink radio channel that supports thetransmission of channel bursts.

Channel bursts 209, 211, 213 and 215 may be formatted by using amulti-protocol encapsulation in accordance with Section 7 of EuropeanStandard EN 301197 “Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB), DVB specificationfor data broadcasting.” The encapsulation may conform to InternetProtocol (IP) standards.

FIG. 3 shows a wireless system 300 with two transmission centerfrequency designations in accordance with an embodiment of theinvention. A base station corresponding to a cell (e.g. cells 301, 303,305, and 307) is assigned one of two different center frequency valuesF1 and F2. (A center frequency value corresponds to a center frequencyof a frequency spectrum that is utilized by a base station.) Assigningdifferent center frequency values to adjacent cells reduces interferencefrom non-serving cells on wireless terminal 115. For example, whenwireless terminal 115 traverses from cell 301 (corresponding to basestation 103) to cell 303 (corresponding to base station 105), wirelessterminal 115 retunes from center frequency value F1 to center frequencyvalue F2. While wireless terminal 115 is being served within cell 301 orcell 303, wireless terminal 115 receives data packets contained inchannel bursts that are transmitted by base station 103 or base station105, respectively. With a configuration of only two center frequencyvalues, as shown in FIG. 3, a topological configuration of the wirelesssystem is restricted to “row-like” configurations.

FIG. 4 shows a wireless system 400 with three transmission centerfrequency values in accordance with an embodiment of the invention. Abase station corresponding to a cell (e.g. cells 401, 403, 405, 407,409, or 411) is assigned one of three different center frequency valuesF1, F2, and F3. Wireless terminal 115 receives data packets throughchannel bursts that are transmitted by a base station corresponding to acell in which wireless terminal 115 is located. With three centerfrequency values, a wireless system can assume a more complicatedtopological configuration than if only two center frequency values wereassigned. However, as the number of center frequency values that areassigned to the wireless system increases, a required frequency spectrumfor a wireless system increases.

Transmission configurations of wireless systems 300 and 400 aretypically asymmetric in that a data rate from wireless system 300 or 400to wireless terminal 115 (downlink or forward radio channel) istypically greater than a data rate from wireless terminal 115 towireless system 300 or 400 (uplink or reverse radio channel).

As will be discussed in the context of FIGS. 15 and 16, wireless system300 or 400 may receive measured signal characteristics (e.g. signalstrength, packet error rate, and bit error rate) from wireless terminal115 over the uplink radio channel. Using the signal characteristics,wireless system 300 or 400 may instruct wireless terminal 115 to performa handover from one base station to another base station as wirelessterminal 115 traverses the corresponding cells. In other embodiments,wireless terminal 115 may perform a handover in accordance with themeasured signal characteristics without being instructed by wirelesssystem 300 or 400. In some embodiments, wireless system 300 or 400 maynot support the uplink channel so that wireless terminal 115 does notsend messaging to wireless system 300 or 400.

In the embodiments shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, cells (e.g. 301-307 and401-411) are assigned center frequency values from a set of centerfrequency values that are associated with wireless system 300 and 400.Assigning different center frequency values to adjacent cells enableswireless terminal 115 to distinguish a signal transmitted from the basestation (e.g. 103 or 105), corresponding to the cell in which wirelessterminal 115 is located, from signals transmitted from other basestations. (Such an assignment approach is referred to as frequencydivision multiple access (FDMA).) However, other embodiments may provideorthogonal separation by alternative approaches such as channelizationcodes (e.g. Walsh codes) that are utilized with spread spectrumtechniques (e.g. code division multiple access (CDMA)). In such a case,a wideband signal is centered about a single frequency that is assignedto all the cells of a wireless system, in which each corresponding basestation uses the same frequency spectrum. Adjacent cells are assigneddifferent channelization codes in order to reduce interference fromnon-serving base stations upon wireless terminal 115. Wireless terminal115 may process a received signal with an appropriate channelizationcode that is assigned to the serving base station.

FIG. 5 shows a wireless system that utilizes time slice transmission inan ideal scenario in accordance with an embodiment of the invention.Channel bursts from cell 501 are synchronized with channel bursts fromcell 503 (e.g. channel burst 507 occurs at essentially the same time aschannel burst 513 and channel burst 509 occurs at essentially the sametime as channel burst 515). The corresponding base stations that servecells 501 and 503 are provided packet stream 505 through backbonenetwork 107 such that packet delivery is synchronous. (In thisembodiment, the amount of phase delay that is associated with thetransmission of channel bursts from each base station is zero sincechannel bursts from all base stations occur at the same time.) In thisscenario, as shown in FIG. 5, wireless terminal 115 will receive allpackets if wireless terminal 115 is handed over from cell 501 to 503.For example, if wireless terminal 115 receives channel burst 507 andchannel burst 515 (as result of a handover from cell 501 to cell 503),wireless terminal 115 receives packet numbers 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6.

FIG. 6 shows a wireless system that utilizes time slice transmission inwhich associated backbone network 107 is characterized by a time delay(skewing). Channel bursts from cell 601 are synchronized with channelbursts from cell 603 (e.g. channel burst 607 occurs at essentially thesame time as channel burst 613 and channel burst 609 occurs atessentially the same time as channel burst 615). With this scenario,base stations corresponding to cells 601 and 603 are provided packetstreams 605 and 606, respectively, in which packet delivery times to thecorresponding base stations are skewed with respect to each other. Inthis scenario, as shown in FIG. 6, wireless terminal 115 may not receiveall data packets if wireless terminal 115 is handed over from cell 601to 603. For example, if wireless terminal 115 receives channel burst 607and channel burst 615 (as result of a handover from cell 601 to cell603), wireless terminal 115 receives packet numbers 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7. Inother words, wireless terminal 115 loses packet number 4.

FIG. 7 shows a wireless system that utilizes time slice transmission inwhich backbone network 107 is characterized by data packet reordering.Channel bursts from cell 701 are synchronized with channel bursts fromcell 703 (e.g. channel burst 707 occurs at essentially the same time aschannel burst 713 and channel burst 709 occurs at essentially the sametime as channel burst 715). With this scenario, base stationscorresponding to cells 701 and 703 are provided packet streams 705 and706, respectively, in which packet delivery times to the correspondingbase stations are skewed with respect to each other. In this scenario,as shown in FIG. 7, wireless terminal 115 may not receive all packets ifwireless terminal 115 is handed over from cell 701 to 703. For example,if wireless terminal 115 receives channel burst 707 and channel burst715 (as result of a handover from cell 701 to cell 703), wirelessterminal 115 receives packet numbers 1, 2, 3, 3, 5, and 6. In otherwords, wireless terminal 115 loses packet number 4 and receives packetnumber 3 twice.

FIG. 8 shows a timing diagram showing channel bursts from base stations103 and 105 for wireless system 400 that is shown in FIG. 4(corresponding to three center frequency values) in accordance with anembodiment of the invention (In other embodiments of the invention,center frequency value F3, as shown in FIG. 4, may be different indifferent cells but correspond to the same phase shift.) Each channelburst may support a group of data services. Each group of data servicescomprises at least one data service. Events 801-813 designate times inwhich base station 103 (that is serving wireless terminal 115 whenlocated in cell 401) initiates channel bursts (e.g. channel burst 209).Base station 103 transmits a channel burst periodically, every Tseconds. (A time interval of T seconds corresponds to 360 degrees.)Events 853-863 designate times in which base station 105 (that isserving wireless terminal 115 when located in cell 403) initiateschannel bursts. Base station 105 transmits channel bursts periodically,every T seconds. However, events 853-863 are offset by ⅓ T seconds(corresponding to 120 degrees). With cell 405 (not represented in FIG.8), the associated amount of phase shift is 240 degrees (correspondingto a time offset of ⅔ T with respect to cell 401). In general, an amountof phase shift (in degrees) that is associated with a cell has the form(360/N)*i, where N is the number of center frequency values in awireless system and i is an integer. Also, a time duration of a channelburst should not exceed T/3 seconds, otherwise channel bursts betweenadjacent cells may overlap, possibly causing wireless terminal 115 tolose packet when a handover occurs.

FIG. 9 shows a timing diagram showing channels bursts from a basestation 103 for a plurality of data services for wireless system 400that is shown in FIG. 4 in accordance with an embodiment of theinvention. Each channel burst may support a group of data services. Eachgroup of data services comprises at least one data service. With theembodiment, base station 401 supports a second group of data services byinterlacing channel bursts between channel bursts that support the firstgroup of data services. In FIG. 9, base station 401 supports the firstgroup of data services with channel bursts 901-913 and the second groupof data services with channel bursts 951-963. However channel bursts951-963 are offset by ⅙ T seconds (corresponding to 60 degrees) withrespect to channel bursts 901-913. In such a case, a time duration of achannel burst should not exceed T/6 seconds, otherwise channel burstsmay overlap, possibly causing wireless terminal 115 to lose data packetsif being served by a plurality of data services or if a handover occurs.

Table 1 summarizes the discussion of phase shift allocations for awireless system as shown in FIG. 4. Service group X and service group Yare each associated with at least one data service. Although theembodiment, as shown in FIGS. 8-9, utilizes a uniform distribution forassociating an amount of phase shift with a channel burst, the amount ofphase shift may be adjusted in cases in which a time duration of achannel burst may be dependent upon the associated data services. Somedata services may require more data bandwidth and consequently require agreater time duration to broadcast the associated data than with otherdata services.

TABLE 1 TIME OFFSET OF TIME SLICE TRANSMISSION Service Group X ServiceGroup Y Base Station A NT (0 degrees) (N + ⅙)T (60 degrees)  BaseStation B (N + ⅓)T (120 degrees) (N + ½)T (180 degrees) Base Station C(N + ⅔)T (240 degrees) (N + ⅚)T (300 degrees)

A serving base station (e.g. base station 103 or 105) may transmit phaseshift information about itself as well as about base stations servingneighboring cells by inserting the information in a channel burst.Additionally, timing information about subsequent channel bursts may beincluded. In another embodiment, a serving base station may send phaseshift information on a separate overhead channel, which may be logicallyor physically distinct from the downlink channel that contains channelbursts. In another embodiment, wireless terminal 115 may maintain alook-up table that maps amounts of phase shift with different basestations. In such a case, when wireless terminal 115 wishes to receive asignal from a base station, wireless terminal 115 accesses the table inorder to determine the associated amount of phase shift.

FIG. 10 shows a wireless system that utilizes phase shifted time slicetransmission in which associated backbone network 107 is characterizedwithout a time delay (skewing) or without data packet reordering inaccordance with an embodiment of the invention. In this scenario, thewireless system has three center frequency values as is shown in FIG. 4.Channel bursts from cell 1003 have a phase shift of 120 degrees withrespect to channel bursts from cell 1001 (e.g. channel burst 1015 occursapproximately T/3 seconds after channel burst 1021). The correspondingbase stations that serve cells 1001 and 1003 are provided packet stream1007 through backbone network 107 such that packet delivery isessentially synchronous. In this scenario, as shown in FIG. 10, wirelessterminal 115 receives all data packets if wireless terminal 115 ishanded over from cell 1001 to 1003. For example, if wireless terminal115 receives channel burst 1021 and channel burst 1015 (as result of ahandover from cell 1001 to cell 1003), wireless terminal 115 receivespacket numbers 1, 2, 3, 2, 3, and 4. In other words, packets numbers 2and 3 are received twice. In such a case, wireless terminal 115 discardsthe duplicate packets; however, all data packets are received.

FIG. 11 shows a wireless system that utilizes phase shifted time slicetransmission in which associated backbone network 107 is characterizedby a time delay. In this scenario, as with FIG. 10, the wireless systemhas three center frequency values as is shown in FIG. 4. Channel burstsfrom cell 1103 have a phase shift of 120 degrees with respect to channelbursts from cell 1101 (e.g. channel burst 1115 occurs approximately T/3seconds after channel burst 1021). The corresponding base stations thatserve cells 1101 and 1103 are provided packet streams 1107 and 1106,respectively. Wireless terminal 115 will receive all data packets ifwireless terminal 115 is handed over from cell 1101 to 1103. Forexample, if wireless terminal 115 receives channel burst 1121 andchannel burst 1115 (as result of a handover from cell 1101 to cell1103), wireless terminal 115 receives packet numbers 1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3.In other words, packet numbers 1, 2 and 3 are received twice. In such acase, wireless terminal 115 discards the duplicate packets; however, allpackets are received.

FIG. 12 shows a wireless system that utilizes phase shifted time slicetransmission in which associated backbone network 107 is characterizedby data packet reordering in accordance with an embodiment of theinvention. In this scenario, as with FIG. 10, the wireless system hasthree center frequency values as shown in FIG. 4. Channel bursts fromcell 1203 have a phase shift of 120 degrees with respect to channelbursts from cell 1201 (e.g. channel burst 1215 occurs approximately T/3seconds after channel burst 1221). The corresponding base stations thatserve cells 1201 and 1203 are provided packet streams 1207 and 1206,respectively. With this scenario, packet numbers 6 and 7 are reversed inpacket stream 1207. Wireless terminal 115 will receive all data packetsif wireless terminal 115 is handed over from cell 1201 to 1203. Forexample, if wireless terminal 115 receives channel burst 1221 andchannel burst 1215 (as result of a handover from cell 1201 to cell1203), wireless terminal 115 receives packet numbers 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7,3, 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8. In other words, packet numbers 3, 4, 5, and 7 arereceived twice. In such a case, wireless terminal 115 discards theduplicate packets; however, all packets are received.

FIG. 13 shows an apparatus 1300 for a base station (e.g. base station103) that supports phase shifted time slice transmission according to anembodiment of the invention. Apparatus 1300 comprises a processor 1301,a network interfacing module 1303, a radio module 1305, a memory 1307,and a timing module 1309. Base station 1300 obtains data packets frombackbone network 107 through network interfacing module 1303. The datapackets are processed by processor 1301 and may be buffered in memory(data buffer) 1307 so that a group of data packets (which may beassociated with one or more data services) can be formed fortransmission in a channel burst to wireless terminal 115. Apparatus 1300communicates with wireless terminal 115 over radio channel 111 throughradio module 1305. Timing module 1309 determines an appropriate time fortransmitting a channel burst over radio channel 111. In the embodiment,timing module 1309 has a crystal oscillator that is synchronized by theGlobal Positioning System (GPS) through a second radio channel that issupported by radio module 1305. Alternatively, timing module 1309 may besynchronized through network interfacing module 1303 and backbonenetwork 107 by a centralized precision timing source. When timing module1309 determines that a channel burst should be transmitted, timingmodule 1309 notifies processor 1301. Processor 1301 consequently obtainsthe group of data packets that are buffered in memory 1307 and transmitsthe group of data packets in the channel burst.

FIG. 14 shows an apparatus 1400 for wireless terminal 115 that supportsphase shifted time slice transmission according to an embodiment of theinvention.

Apparatus 1400 comprises a processor 1401, a radio module 1405, a memory1407, and a timing module 1409. Timing module 1409 determines anappropriate time for receiving a channel burst. In the embodiment,timing module 1409 comprises a crystal oscillator and receivesinformation in a preceding channel burst in which incremental timeinformation is provided. Timing module 1409 uses the incremental timinginformation to determine the time for the next channel burst andnotifies processor 1401. (In a variation of the embodiment, radio module1405 may comprise a GPS receiver, providing time synchronization fortiming module 1409.) Apparatus 1400 receives the group of data packets,as was discussed in the context of FIG. 13, over radio channel 111through radio module 1405. Processor 1401 processes the data packets andbuffers them into memory (buffer storage) 1407 until the group of datapackets has been received. Processor 1401 processes the group of datapackets in accordance with the associated data service.

FIG. 15 shows a flow diagram for wireless terminal 115 for determiningif a handover is required in accordance with an embodiment of theinvention. After initialization of the wireless terminal 115, at step1561, the wireless terminal 115 compiles a list of ‘L’ alternativecenter frequency values for one or more cells (e.g. cells 403 and 405 asshown in FIG. 4) adjacent to the cell (e.g. cell 401 in FIG. 4) that areproviding the desired data service at step 1563. In the exampleprovided, this list would include the broadcasting frequencies for cells403 and 405. The alternative center frequency values may be provided inthe channel bursts that are broadcast by the base station (e.g. basestation 103) that is serving cell 401. For example, channel burst 209may include a list of center frequency values of adjacent cells thatprovide the same data service. Additionally, as previously discussed,phase shift information may be included. (In the case that a dataservice is not provided in a neighboring cell, wireless terminal 115 maybe instructed to continue being served by the cell that is providing thedata service.)

Signal data are derived in the wireless terminal 115, at step 1565.These data include a received signal strength indicator (RSSI) value, apacket error rate (PER), and a bit-error rate (BER) value for the signalfrequency, here designated as the original center frequency, used by thebase station 103 in the wireless cell 401. A handover is considered orinitiated if a pre-determined handover criterion has been met. In oneembodiment, the handover criterion is met if the original frequency BERexceeds a predetermined quasi-error-free (QEF) limit or, alternatively,if the original frequency RSSI falls below a predefined value. If thehandover criterion is not met, at decision block 1567, the wirelessterminal 115 continues to monitor the original frequency RSSI and BERvalues for adverse change.

FIG. 16 shows a continuation of the flow diagram in FIG. 15. On theother hand, if the handover criterion has been met, wireless terminal115 measures or determines the RSSI values for the ‘L’ adjacent celltransmission signals providing the same service, at step 1669. The ‘L’RSSI values for the adjacent cell transmission signals can be readingsobtained after the handover criterion is met, or the RSSI values can bevalues which have been obtained and averaged over a selected period oftime and retained in wireless terminal 115. Selection of a candidatesignal frequency for handover is a function of the RSSI values obtainedfor the ‘L’ adjacent cell transmission signal frequencies.

The ‘N’ adjacent cell frequencies having the strongest RSSI values aredesignated as ‘N’ candidate frequencies, where N<=L. In a preferredembodiment, 3<=N<=5. A list of (N+1) RSSI frequency values is formedincluding the ‘N’ candidate frequencies and the original frequency, atstep 1671. In an alternative embodiment, the RSSI value for the originalfrequency is increased by a predetermined hysteresis value, for example5 dB, to decrease the likelihood of frequent or unnecessary handoversfrom the original frequency to a candidate frequency, at optional step1673. The candidate frequency having the greatest RSSI value is selectedfrom the list, at step 1675, and the BER value is measured for thiscurrent candidate frequency, at step 1677.

If the current candidate frequency BER value exceeds the predeterminedQEF limit, at decision block 1679, the current candidate frequency isremoved from the list, at step 1681 and, if additional candidatefrequencies remain in the list, at decision block 1683, the nextcandidate frequency value having the greatest RSSI value is designatedas the current candidate frequency, at step 1675, and the processproceeds to step 1677 as above. If no candidate frequency values remainin the list, at decision block 1683, the wireless terminal 115 continuesto use the original frequency in receiving information, at step 1685,and operation continues to step 1563.

If the current candidate frequency BER value does not exceed thepredetermined QEF limit, at decision block 1679, the wireless terminal115 executes a handover by switching to the current candidate frequencyfor receiving the next transmission burst, at step 1687, and operationreturns to step 1563 as above. In an embodiment, the QEF limitcorresponds to a BER value of approximately 2×10⁻⁴ after Viterbidecoding in a digital video broadcasting receiver. As can be appreciatedby one skilled in the relevant art, an error-correction chain utilizedin the digital video broadcasting receiver may include a Viterbi decoderstage and a Reed Solomon decoder stage. Accordingly, the BER value ofapproximately 2×10⁻⁴ after Viterbi decoding corresponds to a BER valueof approximately 10⁻¹² after Reed Solomon decoding.

As can be appreciated by one skilled in the art, a computer system withan associated computer-readable medium containing instructions forcontrolling the computer system can be utilized to implement theexemplary embodiments that are disclosed herein. The computer system mayinclude at least one computer such as a microprocessor, digital signalprocessor, and associated peripheral electronic circuitry.

While the invention has been described with respect to specific examplesincluding presently preferred modes of carrying out the invention, thoseskilled in the art will appreciate that there are numerous variationsand permutations of the above described systems and techniques that fallwithin the spirit and scope of the invention as set forth in theappended claims.

1. A method comprising: mapping a first group of data packets to acurrent first channel burst; determining a first phase shift to be usedwhen transmitting the current first channel burst, wherein the firstphase shift is different from a second phase shift that is associatedwith a second base station, and wherein a phase shift difference betweenbursts from a first base station and the second base station is greaterthan a time duration of the current first channel burst; andsimultaneously transmitting the current first channel burst to aplurality of wireless terminals, the current first channel burstsupporting a digital broadband broadcasting service to the plurality ofwireless terminals.
 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the first group ofdata packets is associated with a first data service.
 3. The method ofclaim 2, wherein the first group of data packets is also associated witha second data service.
 4. The method of claim 1, further comprising:determining a time period, wherein the time period is a time differencebetween the current first channel burst and a subsequent first channelburst; and transmitting the subsequent first channel burst at the timeperiod with respect to the current first channel burst.
 5. The method ofclaim 4, further comprising: including information about the time periodin the current first channel burst.
 6. The method of claim 1, furthercomprising: including information about the second phase shift in thecurrent first channel burst, wherein the second phase shift correspondsto a second group of data packets that is transmitted by the second basestation.
 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the first base station isassociated with a first center frequency value and the second basestation is associated with a second center frequency value.
 8. Themethod of claim 7, wherein a number of center frequency values in awireless system is equal to N, and wherein the first phase shift isequal to 360 degrees divided by N multiplied by an integer.
 9. Themethod of claim 1, where the first base station is associated with afirst channelization code and the second base station is associated witha second channelization code.
 10. The method of claim 1, furthercomprising: mapping a third group of data packets to a third channelburst that is associated with the first base station; determining athird phase shift that corresponds to the third channel burst; andtransmitting the third channel burst using the third phase shift. 11.The method of claim 1, wherein the first group of data packets isassociated with a first data service and wherein the first data serviceis an Internet Protocol (IP) service.
 12. The method of claim 1, whereineach phase shift has a constant value.
 13. An apparatus comprising: atleast one processor; and at least one memory having stored thereinmachine executable instructions, that when executed, cause the apparatusto: store a first group of packets in a storage buffer, wherein thefirst group of data packets is received from a backbone network, andwherein the first group of data packets is associated with a digitalbroadband broadcasting service; receive an indication from a timingmodule that a current first channel burst should be transmitted from theapparatus; retrieve the first group of data packets from the storagebuffer; map the first group of data packets to the current first channelburst, wherein the first group of data packets is associated with afirst data service; determine a first phase shift to be used whentransmitting the current first channel burst, wherein the current firstchannel burst is non-overlapping with another channel burst from anotherapparatus, wherein the first phase shift is different from a secondphase shift that is associated with the other apparatus, and wherein aphase shift difference between bursts from the apparatus and the otherapparatus is greater than a time duration of the current first channelburst; simultaneously transmit the current first channel burst to aplurality of wireless terminals with the first phase shift, the currentfirst channel burst supporting the digital broadband broadcastingservice to the plurality of wireless terminals.
 14. The apparatus ofclaim 13, wherein the instructions, when executed, further cause theapparatus to: include information about the second phase shift in thecurrent first channel burst.
 15. The method of claim 13, wherein thefirst phase shift has a constant value.
 16. A memory storingcomputer-executable instructions that, when executed, cause an apparatusto perform: mapping a first group of data packets to a current firstchannel burst; determining a first phase shift to be used whentransmitting the current first channel burst from the apparatus, whereinthe first phase shift is different from a second phase shift that isassociated with another apparatus, and wherein the phase shiftdifference between bursts from the apparatus and the other apparatus isgreater than a time duration of the current first channel burst; andsimultaneously transmitting the current first channel burst to aplurality of wireless terminals, the current first channel burstsupporting a digital broadband broadcasting service to the plurality ofwireless terminals.
 17. The memory of claim 16 storingcomputer-executable instructions that, when executed, further cause theapparatus to perform: including information about the second phase shiftin the current first channel burst, wherein the second phase shiftcorresponds to a second group of data packets that is transmitted by theother apparatus.